Cantera Outline

Overview of Cantera

• Capabilities
  • High level division of Cantera's capabilities
  • Zero-D, One-D, phase objects, numerics

• Division of capabilities should roughly follow how Cantera source code is divided
  • Apps - utilities for converting between Chemkin and Cantera file formats, parsing input files, comparing output files, etc.
  • Base - more utilities for array storage, printing and logging, XML file parsing, Cantera errors/exceptions,
  • Clib - code for C API
  • Converters
  • Equil
  • Fortran - code for Fortran API
  • Kinetics - classes for getting/setting/calculating reaction network quantities (net production rate source terms, reaction rate parameters, etc.)
  • Matlab - code for Matlab API
  • Numerics - classes for solving ordinary differential equations, evaluating Jacobians, Newton methods, constructing and solving matrices, etc.
  • OneD - classes relating to one-dimensional simulations (domains, stacks, one-dimensional flame simulations, etc.)
  • Python - code for Python API
  • Spectra
  • Thermo
  • TPX
  • Transport
  • ZeroD - classes relating to zero-dimensional Reactors (Reactor, Wall, etc.)

Cantera for Engineers

Introduction to what Cantera does/can do

Bridge (introduction to Cantera) with (thermodynamics/gas properties) stuff

"Applied" Cantera

• Introduce the pieces
• Will learn more about how these different pieces WORK later
• Brief introduction to how to use them, how to use them with Python

Thermodynamics

• Somewhere in our algorithm, looping over domain (or for the single reactor control volume), and we're saying, "update thermo and transport parameters" - focus on how this is being done, what classes its using, what capabilities are available

• Phase objects
  • Cantera/Gases - information about gas phase objects in Cantera
  • Cantera/Surfaces - information about surface phase objects in Cantera

• Single phase gas calculations
  • Temperature/power calculations
  • Basic Python numerics + simple Cantera gas stuff
  • Isenthalpic valve drops
  • Plain reactors: piston-cylinder problems
  • Cantera/Phase Equilibrium Solvers for determining gas equilibrium state (e.g., you set U, you get T)

• Introductory CHEE type calculations
  • Solving simple matrix systems, using Cantera's MW/density/properties functionality

Kinetics

• Discussion of kinetics

• • Cantera/Reaction Rate Source Terms Reaction rate source terms, separate from reactors

• • Cantera/Kinetic Mechanisms Kinetic mechanisms
    • Theory of chemical reactions
    • Definitions of quantities involved in chemical reactions
    • Theoretical information needed (by Cantera) to define reaction mechanisms
    • Cantera/CTI Files Specification of reaction kinetics in CTI files (useful info here: http://www.et.byu.edu/~tom/classes/641/Cantera/InputFile/definingphases.pdf)
      • Cantera/CTI Files/Phases Specification of phases
      • Cantera/CTI Files/Species Specification of species
      • Cantera/CTI Files/Reactions Specification of reactions
    • Specification of reaction kinetics in XML files

• • Cantera kinetics examples
    • Cantera/Simple Reaction A very simple reaction
    • Cantera/Simple Reaction Network A very simple reaction network
    • Cantera/Complex Reaction Network A more complex reaction network
  • Single phase kinetics
    • Source code abstraction
    • Examples of obtaining reaction rates
    • Graphene - how to really USE this information
  • Multiphase surface kinetics
    • Cantera/Surface Coverage Surface coverage, site density, formulation of approach
    • Source code abstraction - Walls vs. SurfPhase vs. (etc.)

Transport

• BSL

• Mass transfer
  • Cantera/Diffusion Mixture vs. multicomponent diffusion
  • Cantera/Diffusion Coefficients - Diffusion coefficient models
  • Mass transfer coefficients

• Heat transfer
  • Heat diffusivity
  • Heat transfer coefficients

• Momentum transfer
  • Cantera/Viscosity

• General discussion: non-dimensional analysis, how it relates to Cantera
  • Prandtl matlab examples - comparing transport properties (Prandtl number) for mixture-averaged and multicomponent models

Reactor Design

• Description of generic Cantera reactors, canonical CHE reactor types
• Cantera/Reactor Equations General Cantera reactor equations
• Cantera/Integral and Differential Reactors Integral vs. differential reactors
• Cantera/Isothermal and Nonisothermal Reactors Isothermal vs. non-isothermal reactors
• Heterogeneous vs. homogeneous
• Transport effects in reactors
• Fogler, Froment/Bischoff, Belfiore

Cantera Numerics

• Cantera/Structure Structure of Cantera: "numerics" layer and "constitutive equations" layer

• Ordinary differential equations
  • Cantera formulation, reactor equations
  • ODE as primary problem type being solved in Cantera
  • Cantera numerics, ODE solver sophistication
  • Have ALREADY shown, with a simple Fipy time integrator, that Sundials has a lot of sophistication... that sophistication is NECESSARY for kinetics/reaction equations

• Surface coverage equations
  • Surface species treated as control volume properties
  • Packaged up into the Reactor's solution vector
  • The Green's Function hack that makes a boundary condition into part of the domain

• Partial differential equations
  • Cantera solutions to one-dimensional systems
  • Assumptions being made for each problem type (axisymmetric, stagnation, etc.)

• Assorted numerical topics
  • Newton's method
  • Linear algebra
  • Jacobians - Sandia report with definitions of Jacobians

• Initial value problems
• Boundary value problems
• Advanced boundary conditions

• Strategies for coupling Cantera with CFD
  • Cantera/Fipy PFR external numerical library for solving spatial boundary value problem
  • Interfacing with Chemkin-like programs (Fluent)
  • Constructing your own numerical ODE/PDE solver
  • Scipy: simple kinetic equation integration using Scipy
  • Fipy: simple diffusion problem, coupling with Cantera
  • Fipy: more complex reactor equation(s) and coupling with Cantera

Using Cantera with Python

• Strategies for object-oriented Python, particularly as applied to physics problems
• Strategies for combining Python-related libraries/modules/utilities with Cantera
  • matplotlib
  • numpy
  • itertools
  • pandas
• Numerics (outside of Cantera)
• Optimization

Optimization

• Not going into too much depth
• Optimizing kinetic parameters to fit data
• Optimizing other variables to maximize reactor performance

Mechanics

• Cantera/Debugging Cantera Debugging Cantera
• Cantera/Debugging Cantera from Python Debugging Cantera from Python

• Cantera/Extending_C_API Hacking, extending C API